diff --git a/app/database.py b/app/database.py
index ef4d41b..27a6810 100644
--- a/app/database.py
+++ b/app/database.py
@@ -78,7 +78,16 @@ def init_db_schema() -> None:
 
     inspector = inspect(engine)
     missing: list[str] = []
-    for table, mapper in Base.registry.mappers.items():
+    # Base.registry.mappers 在不同 SQLAlchemy 版本中既可能是 dict（{table: mapper}），
+    # 也可能是 frozenset（直接装 Mapper 对象）。统一取 Mapper，用 local_table 取表名、
+    # columns 取模型声明的列，兼容两种形态。
+    mappers = Base.registry.mappers
+    if hasattr(mappers, "values"):  # dict 形态
+        mapper_iter = mappers.values()
+    else:                            # frozenset 形态（SQLAlchemy 2.0.x）
+        mapper_iter = iter(mappers)
+    for mapper in mapper_iter:
+        table = mapper.local_table.name
         if not inspector.has_table(table):
             continue
         db_cols = {c["name"] for c in inspector.get_columns(table)}